Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell on intelligence and personality
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چکیده
Article history: Received 16 December 2015 Accepted 6 April 2016 The two most prominent individual differences researchers of the twentieth century were Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell. Both were giants of scientific psychology, each publishing scores of books and hundreds of empirical peer-reviewed journal articles. Influenced by Hebb's distinction between physiological (Intelligence A) and experiential (Intelligence B), Eysenck focused on discovering the underlying biological substrata of intelligence. Analogously, Cattell proposed the Gf–Gc theorywhich distinguishes between fluid and crystallised intelligence. Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT), a measure primarily of fluid intelligence, was constructed specifically to minimise differences in test bias in IQ scores between different ethnic/racial groups. Within the personality realm, Eysenck adopted a pragmatic three-factormodel asmeasured via the Eysenck PersonalityQuestionnaire (EPQ-R) and its variants. In contrast, Cattell employed a lexical approach that resulted in a large number of primary and secondary normal and abnormal personality trait dimensions, measured via the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), and the corresponding Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), respectively. Recent molecular genetics findings provide empirical confirmation of Eysenck and Cattell's positions on the biological underpinnings of personality and ability traits, allowing an improved understanding of the causes of individual differences. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
Inference and the Interpretation of Test Scores
and environmental components of inconsistency and unrepeatability in twins' responses to a neurotidsm questionnaire. Behavior Genetics, 1976, 6, 145-160. (a) Eaves, L., & Eysenck, H. J. Genotype X Age interaction for neuroticism. Behavior Genetics, 1976, 6, 359-362. (b) Eaves, L., & Eysenck, H. J, Genotype-environmental model for psychoticism. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1977, 1...
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تاریخ انتشار 2016